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Northstar engine series
Development and characteristics
Northstar design has been launched in response to the tree dual cam V8 engines introduced advanced by European and Japanese competitors in a Cadillac at the end of 1980. At that time, Cadillac has used HT aluminum valve (OHV) V8 which had been pushed hastily in production after the failure of the V8-6-4 1981.
Cadillac has been the development of new models such as updating and going Eldorado and Seville STS that expect the best of rival BMW, Mercedes-Benz Lexus, Infiniti y. They developed a long list of items to be included in these new models, including sophisticated management, brakes, suspension and technology, which became known as the Northstar system. A key element was a high-tech V8 engine with all the features and performance of competitive offerings.
The "Northstar" V8, as it was then, is an evolution of the design of Lotus LT5 Chevy, while aluminum DOHC 32-valve V8 used in The Corvette ZR-1. Rival Ford Motor Company has been developing a similar engine at that time also modular Ford engine and will precede the Northstar production with its introduction 1991 Lincoln Town. Both continue to produce the displacement of 4.6 liters.
Capable of producing 300 hp (224 kW) from its 4565 cc, the Northstar included a cast-iron block aluminum V8 90 102 mm (4 inches) was sharing space in the upper and lower unit and a half. The lower casing supported without conventional main bearing caps. An oil collector plate with an integrated gasket forms of silicon oil gallery under this. A typical oil change used 7.58 quarts of oil.
Fusion cylinder liners have been identified and forged aluminum pistons including cleaning of the valve. Northstar is an interference engine, with plain brass pins floating pin used.
Cast aluminum cylinder heads used with four valves per cylinder. The heads of two-tree using cams are driven by the maintenance of "free" cases of chain-drive cams. The cams act directly on hydraulic lifts at the ends of the valves and is fed with a passage drilled lubrication in the length of the cylinder head. The intake valves are inclined at 25, while the exhaust valves are inclined at 7 with center-mounted platinum spark plug. The magnesium cam covers are on the lightness.
Eight thermoplastic pipes are used in the induction system, leading to sequential fuel injection. The engine uses a distributor less ignition system with spark waste facility. PCM controls spark and fuel injection timing and the crossing points for the new 4T80-E transmission.
A notable feature, announced at the time, was "soft" Safe Mode that allows the engine to continue running for a limited time, without coolant. Fuel supply for a single row of cylinders, in turn, the engine of "fresh air" Bank inactive. This technique, combined with its all-aluminum construction and the ability of major oil companies, allows the engine to maintain a safe temperature, which allows Northstar-equipped car for driving without refrigeration for about 100 miles (161 km) without causing damage.
Another feature Some cars Northstar is equipped with a Liquid-cooled alternator used Cadillac Seville, DeVille and Eldorado. The refrigerant has helped to prolong the life of the alternator electronic charge in these models, though GM has returned to a traditional configuration of air-cooled 2001 to eliminate the vanishing points and foreigners tube.
All engines of this family share the same bell Northstar.
Later developments included direct ignition coil on plug and variable valve timing consumption can vary up to 40 and the exhaust pipe about 50. VVT is designed for ripping version LH2, and has not to date been used in front wheel drive transverse engine due to packaging considerations.
Northstar Series
The engine was presented in mid-1992 in the 1993 Cadillac and still Going used in most Cadillac models. The original Northstar go also introduced the Northstar System, which includes traction control, adaptive suspension, and antilock brakes. The first Northstar requires premium fuel to run safely.
The Northstar was sold exclusively by Cadillac more than one decade before being introduced in the 2004 Pontiac Bonneville 2006 and the Buick Lucerne. However, 4.0L L47 V8 variant was used in the Oldsmobile Aurora and the 3.5L V6 in the Oldsmobile Intrigue LX5. The engine received a forged steel crankshaft in October 2003. Cadillac had planned to introduce a V12 Northstar this decade, probably for use in the Escalade, but the economy and new CAFE standards have killed that idea.
Most of the engine produces 275 horsepower Northstar (205 kW) 315 hp (235 kW). The engines been revised for 2000 with coil on plug ignition and roller follower valvegear better fuel economy and reduced emissions. Although power remains unchanged, This update has eliminated the need for premium fuel.
All but the supercharged Northstar move 4.6L (279 cu in) with 93 mm (3.7 inch) diameter and 84 mm (3.3 inch) stroke. For a better head gasket between cylinders, supercharged version is de-bored to 91 mm (3.6 inches) for a total displacement to 4.4 L (266 cu in). The block is said [who?] Being able to an increase of 5.4 L, but not the engine of this type has been produced.
The Northstar has been on the list of Ward's 10 Best Engines 1995, 1996 and 1997.
The Cadillac Northstar system is brand name for a set of performance characteristics car. Launched in 1992 to go Cadillac that same year 1993 and Seville and Eldorado, the name of Northstar continues to be used to date.
The Northstar system were following:
L37 high-performance of 300 hp (224 kW) and 295 ftlbf (400Nm)
LD8 high torque of 275 hp (205 kW) and 300 ftlbf (407 Nm)
GM 4T80-E transmission 4-speed automatic
Detection of road suspension
RSS is available in standard and CV-RSS (continuously variable) systems. Shock followed rate depreciation every 15 milliseconds, the choice between two parameters.
4-disc wheel brakes with ABS Bosch
Magnasteer power variable speed
Magnasteer combines conventional hydraulic steering and magnetized "donuts" mounted around the output shaft, to stiffen the direction vehicle speed increases.
The most recent include Northstar 4.6L 320 HP (239 kW) and 315 lbft (427 Nm) LH2 which began in 2004, and 469 hp supercharged 4.4 liters (350 kW) LC3 created for the STS-V which are detailed below.
General Motors has used a system for continuously variable system of Cadillac Northstar VVT (Variable Valve Timing). The Northstar provides a system of variable valve timing, continuously variable throughout the rev range, which increases fuel consumption. GM engines use double overhead camshafts, which vary in the intake and exhaust for better performance.
A37
The L37 (VIN "9") has been the original Northstar. He is attentive and responsive energy, while the later LD8 is designed for use quieter. A37 The code was used in all transverse Northstars high performance, and the exact specifications of the engine changed. Its displacement is 4600cc flat, the compression ratio is 10:1 A37, shared with LD8.
The original L37 was specified at 290 hp (216 kW), but 1993 production examples were measured at 295 hp (220 kW). The engine exceeded 300 hp (224 kW) from 1996 to 2004 in STS and DTS models, etc, making them the front wheel car ever built stronger national unity, as the most powerful yet belonging to the decade 1970 Cadillac Eldorado 500 cu in (8.2 L) 400 hp (298 kW) (Note that the system is old SAE gross horsepower without the accessories included or muffler, when the results of today's engines are those that have settled Net Ratings). By 2005, broadband has become Northstar Northstar NHP was downrated to 290 horsepower (220 kW) under the new grading system certified SAE power. In 2006, the update of the SDR "Performance Package" model received a slight bump 292 hp (218 kW). Vehicles using the L37 include:
Year
Model
Power
Couple
1993
Go Cadillac
rpm 295 hp (220 kW) @ 5600
Rpm 290 lbft (393 Nm) @ 4400
1993-1994
Cadillac Eldorado ETC
rpm 295 hp (220 kW) @ 5600
tr rpm 290 lbft (393 Nm) @ 4400
19952002
Cadillac Eldorado ETC
rpm 300 hp (224 kW) @ 6 000
Rpm 295 lbft (400 Nm) @ 4400
1993
Cadillac Seville STS
rpm 295 hp (220 kW) @ 5600
Rpm 290 lbft (393 Nm) @ 4400
19942004
Cadillac Seville STS
Rpm 300 hp (224 kW) @ 6000
Rpm 295 lbft (400 Nm) @ 4400
19962004
Cadillac Deville Concours / DTS
rpm 300 hp (224 kW) @ 6000
min rpm 295 lbft (400 Nm) @ 4400
2005
Cadillac DeVille DTS
rpm 290 hp (216 kW) @ 5600
Rpm 285 lbft (386 Nm) @ 4400
2006resent
Cadillac DTS Performance
rpm 292 hp (218 kW) @ 6300
Rpm 288 lbft (390 Nm) @ 4500
2008-present
Buick Lucerne Super
rpm 292 hp (218 kW) @ 6300
Rpm 288 lbft (390 Nm) @ 4500
LD8
The LD8 (VIN "Y") is a transverse V8 front wheel drive cars. Released in 1994, is designed to provide more torque at high speed L37. LD8 key is used in all Northstars tuned pair cross, although the exact specifications of the engine changed. Compression ratio is 10:1.
The 1998 revision is more quiet than Northstar engine makes hydraulic motor mounts, and more efficiently through a system of admission to hear.
Most LD8 Northstars are rated at 275 hp (205 kW) and 300 lbft (407 Nm).
Year
Model
Power
Couple
1994
Cadillac Eldorado
270 hp (201 kW)
300 lbft (407 Nm)
19952001
Cadillac Eldorado
275 hp (205 kW) @ 5750 rpm
300 lbft (407 Nm)
2002
Cadillac Eldorado
275 hp (205 kW) @ 5600 rpm
Rpm 300 lbft (407 Nm) at 4000
1994
Cadillac Seville SLS
270 hp (201 kW)
300 lbft (407 Nm)
19952001
Cadillac Seville SLS
275 hp (205 kW)
300 lbft (407 Nm)
20022004
Cadillac Seville SLS
275 hp (205 kW)
300 lbft (407 Nm)
1994
Cadillac DeVille Concours
270 hp (201 kW)
300 lbft (407 Nm)
1995
Cadillac DeVille Concours
rpm 275 hp (205 kW) @ 5750
300 lbft (407 Nm)
19962001
Cadillac DeVille
rpm 275 hp (205 kW) @ 5750
300 lbft (407 Nm) @ 4000 rpm
20022005
Cadillac DeVille
rpm 275 hp (205 kW) @ 5600
300 lbft (407 Nm) @ 4000 rpm
2006resent
Cadillac DTS
RPM 275 hp (205 kW) @ 6000
295 lbft (400 Nm) @ 4400 rpm
20042005
Pontiac Bonneville GXP
rpm 275 hp (205 kW) @ 5600
300 lbft (407 Nm) @ 4,000 rpm
20062007
Buick Lucerne CXS
rpm 275 hp (205 kW) @ 6000
295 lbft (400 Nm) @ 4400 rpm Rpm
LH2
The Northstar was designed originally for transverse front-drive applications. Has been significantly modified in 2004 and the use of longitudinal drive the rear wheels on the SRX and XLR, as well as receiving continuous variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust sides. The RWD (LH2) Northstar produces 320 hp (239 kW) and 315 lbft (427 Nm). A 10.5:1 compression ratio allows a further increase in power most of the L37 and LD8 Northstars.
Year
Model
Power
Couple
20042009
Cadillac SRX
rpm 320 hp (239 kW) @ 6400
Rpm 315 lbft (427 Nm) @ 4400
20042009
Cadillac XLR
rpm 320 hp (239 kW) at 6400
Rpm 310 lbft (420 Nm) @ 4400
2004resent
Cadillac STS
rpm 320 hp (239 kW) at 6400
315 RPM lbft (427 Nm) @ 4400
Supercharged LC3
A 4.4L (266 cu in) supercharged Northstar is used in the 2006 Cadillac STS-V and XLR-V. The hole has been reduced for greater resistance and a better seal of the board. Variable valve timing is used on both intake and exhaust. The STS-V engine produces 469 horsepower (350 kW) at 6,400 rpm rpm and 439 lbft (595 Nm) at 3900 rpm and a 9:01 compression engine 443 hp XLR-V product (330 kW) at 6400 rpm and 414 lbft (561 Nm) at 3900 rpm.
Year
Model
Power
Couple
20062009
Cadillac CTS-V
rpm 469 hp (350 kW) at 6400
Rpm 439 lbft (595 Nm) @ 3900
20062009
Cadillac XLR-V
rpm 443 hp (330 kW) at 6400
Rpm 414 lbft (561 Nm) @ 3900
L47
A L47 inside the engine compartment Aurora
The L47 Aurora engine is designed for a V8 Special the Oldsmobile Aurora, based on the Northstar engine. It is a DOHC 3995 cc (3.995 L; 243.8 cu in) V8 that produces 250 horsepower (186 kW) and 260 FTLB (353 Nm) of torque. The hole is 87 mm (3.4 inches) and stroke stroke is 84 mm (3.3 inches). The L47 has a 10.3:1 compression ratio and uses gasoline premium.
An early version or prototype of this engine was used in the second-generation Oldsmobile Aerotech.
Although most of the characteristics of Northstar, including the coolant loss system, remained intact, the hole has lost weight unacceptable. To reduce it, Oldsmobile used a one piece thermoplastic filled glass intake manifold and simplified AC Rochester sequential fuel injection. A new cast aluminum oil pan baffles compound needed to reduce oil driving difficult. A starter interlock prevents the starter to participate, if peace is already running L47.
Heavily modified 650 hp (485 kW) version of this engine was used by General Motors Racing Indy Racing League first division competition in 1995 and was later used in the program Cadillac Northstar LMP in 2000. Both engines retained the capacity of 4.0 liters, but the version dual turbo Northstar PML.
Aurora has also been used in Shelby Series 1 car.
The Aurora engine was introduced in 1994 for the 1995 model year and General Motors has not mounted the engine since the demise of the mark in 2004.
Year
Model
Power
Couple
19952003
Oldsmobile Aurora
rpm 250 hp (186 kW) @ 5600
Rpm 260 lbft (353 Nm) @ 4400
LX5 (Shortstar)
A "Shortstar" LX5 inside an Intrigue's engine
The V6 engine is a DOHC LX5 Oldsmobile, introduced in 1999 with the Oldsmobile Intrigue. It was produced by Premium Motor Group GM for what he called the Premium V6 or PV6, while being developed. It is based on the L47 Aurora V8, which in turn is based on the Northstar engine, so that engineers North called short, although fans have called Oldsmobile Shortstar.
This is not a simple cut-down V8. Although 90 wedge angle as Northstar and Aurora, engine block has been designed from scratch, diameter centers are so different. It has dual overhead camshafts, chain-driven overhead valves and four per cylinder, but it is a draft design with a crank pin similar to the modern GM 3800 engine. The LX5 displaced 3473 cc (3.473 L; 211.9 cu in) and produces 215 hp power (160 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 230 FTLB (312 Nm) @ 4400 rpm. Bore is 89.5 mm (3.52 in) and stroke is 92 mm (3.6 inches). 9.3:1 compression ratio is.
The cost of construction of this engine was high, and has not been used in many vehicles. It said a family of premium V6 follow, with trips ranging from LL 3.3 to 3.7, but only the LX5 was ever produced.
The LX5 is very different from any other GM V6 in the inventory – the only other GM V6 DOHC have been offered by Chevrolet Dual General cams produced from 1991-1997 and Cadillac / Holden HFV6 available from 2004 until today. These three models are completely independent and, curiously, permit two lagoons in 1998 and 2003 which were not available DOHC V6 GM. This contrasts sharply with the practices of competing in several technological developments, designs constantly improving.
As with the Aurora V8 production issue with the demise of Oldsmobile.
Year
Model
Power
Couple
19992002
Oldsmobile Intrigue
215 hp (160 kW) @ 5600 rpm
Rpm 230 lbft (312 Nm) @ 4400
20012002
Oldsmobile Aurora
215 hp (160 kW) @ 5600 rpm
Rpm 230 lbft (312 Nm) @ 4400
The 3.5L LX5 was on the list of Ward's 10 Best Engines 1999 and 2000.
See also
GM 60-degree DOHC V6
GM High Feature engine
Cadillac V8
Ultra Motor GM
List of GM engines
Notes
http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:6nj6yREp_4wJ:www.ehow.com/facts_5467367_northstar-engine-information.html+LT5+northstar&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us ^
^ Weitzman, Larry (2001). The Oldsmobile Aurora (2001), better in all respects. Autochannel. Retrieved on June 28, 2009.
References
Markus Frank. "1993 Technical highlights. Car and Driver (October 1992): 5960.
"Technical Highlights". Car and Driver (October 1993): 115.
Joel D. Pietrangelo. "It Repeat the heart of Northstar Allante 93 – Cadillac V-8 engine from General Motors Motor Car Division. The new model roadster. Ward's Auto World (February 1992).
References
Northstar engine – official website
Technical Article AutoSpa
Item Ward
GM Premium V Performance Discussion Forums
Categories: Cadillac Engines | GM Engines | Automotive Technology tradenamesHidden categories: Items marked weasel worded phrases | Articles weasel words written particularly strong since September 2008 About the Author
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